Case Study Body Vitals

Question: Write about theCase Studyfor Body Vitals. Answer: State when a temperature measurement is considered not within normal range, and what are the indicators from the case study that Tony may have a temperature above normal range? measure basic functions of the body . They are taken to assist in assessing a Persons physical health. The normal human body temperature (oral) should be 36.8 degrees Celsius, while internal body temperature should be about 37.0 degrees Celsius. Values of at least o.5 degrees above the normal temperatures might be considered fever while those temperatures of 1 to 2 degrees Celcius below normal are known as hypothermia. In our case 37.9 degrees Celsius is far above the normal body temperature and is considered as a fever. This can be further proofed by his skins warm effect upon touch. A slight temperature above the normal e.g. 38 degrees Celsius is considered low fever and it should not cause worry unless it continues to rise , however temperature s higher than that and approaching 40degrees Celsius are dangerous and should be brought to the doctors attention as they may cause convulsions and delusions (Briganti et al., 2003). Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement, and what are the indicators from the case study that Tony may have a blood pressure above normal range? Systolic pressure is defined as the pressure of blood in the arteries during contraction of the heart muscle. Its indicated as the top number and a normal systolic pressure should be below 120. Diastolic pressure is the pressure in the blood arteries when the heart rests between beats. A normal diastolic Bp should be 80 or less in number. Its indicated as the bottom number (Head et al., 2010). With Tony, a systolic reading of 145 is in the range of high blood pressure (hypertension) stage one. His diastolic reading of 78 is in the normal range. From the case study, the following indicators show possibility of Tony having a high blood pressure: his family has a strong history of hypertension; his eating habits, as he eats deep fried take away food that obviously contains high fat level, takes soft drinks instead of water; he is lethargic; he drinks eight cups of coffee which has high caffeine; he doesnt do regular exercises and instead he watches TV all day. Based on Tonys current lifestyle, what are the two modifiable risk factors? Using the resources provided on the vUWS site, discuss one intervention in the prevention of one of the modifiable risk factors? The above case study presents two modifiable risk factors i.e. hypertension (high blood pressure) and cardiovascular disease (Krum et al., 2009). Cardiovascular disease ranks as the leading killers in the modern world. However there are steps that can be taken to reduce a persons odds of having a stroke, heart attack, causing blockages in major arteries which supply the limps blood, kidneys and suffering from angina. While some risk factors are inborn and cannot be changed, the following can be influenced for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Smoking and other tobacco products; this exposes the heart, blood vessels and lungs to nicotine and carbon monoxide. They cause cholesterol levels and blood pressure to rise due to blood vessels constriction (Cooper et al., 2013). High cholesterol levels; high levels of cholesterol increases plaque buildup in the hearts arteries thus should be avoided. However, good cholesterol is advisable. High blood pressure; if Bp is high for long time periods, it may damage blood vessels, cause cholesterol plaques and artery walls to become stiffer. Therefore, Bp should be controlled at all times. Physical inactivity (often termed as lack of exercise): this weakens muscles making it harder to control other related risk factors. Exercises should be encouraged. Reduce stress. Avoid high levels of C - reactive protein. Avoid being overweight or obese. Manage diabetes and metabolic syndrome. References Briganti, E. M., Shaw, J. E., Chadban, S. J., Zimmet, P. Z., Welborn, T. A., McNeil, J. J., Atkins, R. C. (2003). Untreated hypertension among Australian adults: the 1999-2000 Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study (AusDiab). Medical Journal of Australia, 179(3), 135-139. Cooper, D. J., Myburgh, J., Heritier, S., Finfer, S., Bellomo, R., Billot, L., ... Vallance, the SAFE-TBI Investigators, and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group, S. (2013). Albumin resuscitation for traumatic brain injury: is intracranial hypertension the cause of increased mortality?. Journal of neurotrauma, 30(7), 512-518. Head, G. A., Mihailidou, A. S., Duggan, K. A., Beilin, L. J., Berry, N., Brown, M. A., ... Hodgson, J. (2010). Definition of ambulatory blood pressure targets for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in relation to clinic blood pressure: prospective cohort study. BMJ, 340, c1104. Krum, H., Schlaich, M., Whitbourn, R., Sobotka, P. A., Sadowski, J., Bartus, K., ... Abraham, W. T. (2009). Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study. The Lancet, 373(9671), 1275-1281.