The Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime - 1141 Words

One of the most important and well-studied criminological theories intended to explain and predict crime rates is social disorganization theory (Sampson 2012). The social disorganization theory of crime was originally articulated by Shaw and McKay (1942) to explain differences in neighborhood crime rates among juvenile delinquents in concentric zones in the Chicago metropolitan area. They found that some areas had consistently high crime rates and juvenile arrests over time despite population changes in race and ethnicity, suggesting that structural factors within a neighborhood were more important for crime than characteristics of individuals within that location. The original theory provided examples of residential instability, racial†¦show more content†¦Lastly, economic disadvantage can bring unwanted chaos and disruption to the family, divorce, single parent situations, bring juveniles being unsupervised, which can lead to criminal opportunities, also a feeling of despe ration among the adults themselves, which can lead to other criminal behavior such as drug use, etc. The work of Bursik, (1988) demonstrated that individual and contextual factors are salient in predicting crime that victimization is important to assess in addition to crime rates and that a community’s crime rate may affect social control and vice versa. Institutional Anomie Theory in the simplest terms is a lack of social or ethical norms in an individual or group. When Dr. Merton (1938) was developing his theory on deviance, he analyzed American culture, structure, and anomie. Dr. Merton believed that all United States citizens believed and strived for the â€Å"American Dream†; however, the ways in which citizens obtain the â€Å"American Dream† of success are not the same, simply because not all citizens have the same opportunities and advantages. (Savolainen, 2000). Dr. Merton believed that this leads to deviance in achieving the â€Å"American Dream† by some who turn to illegal activity while still believing in the dream of success but using illegal means to obtain the dream by such activity as illegal drugShow MoreRelatedSocial Disorganization Theory And Crime998 Words   |  4 PagesStarz’ â€Å"Power , Social Disorganization Theory and Crime Introduction: In the television show â€Å"Power†, organized crime is the most prevalent form of crime displayed. Organized crime can be defined as a methodically unlawful activity for profit on a city-wide. interstate and worldwide scale. The act of engaging in criminal activity as a structured assembly is called racketeering in the United States. The premise of this project is to research social disorganization theory as it pertains to the televisionRead MoreThe Sociological Examination Of Crime862 Words   |  4 Pagesexplain crime by coming up with multiple social theories. Gavin states that psychologist suggest that those who commit crimes have â€Å"individual differences† that â€Å"make it more likely than some people to commit crimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that these social theories say that these crimes are a result of â€Å"the breakdown in social structures†. One of the first social theories that was introduced came about in 1938 by Merton, his theory is known as Str ain Theory. Gavin goes on to define Strain Theory as the â€Å"social structuresRead MoreEssay about Social Disorginization theory 1296 Words   |  6 Pagesthat researches begin to think differently about crime. Cullen and Agnew (2011) stated that the researchers began to think that the understanding of crime may not be found in the studying of an individual criminal traits but the study of the traits of the environment in which a criminal lives and interacts. According to Cullen and Agnew (2011) this led to a question in which researchers thought a possible solution of controlling and explain crime would be found in changing environments and neighborhoodsRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory By The Chicago School1191 Words   |  5 Pages The theory that I found most illuminating in sociology is the social disorganization theory because is amongst the most imperative theories developed by the Chicago School, identified with ecological theories. The theory straightforwardly connects crime rates to neighbourhood ecological characteristics which a center standard of social disorganization theory is that place matters. In different words, an individual s private area is a significant component shaping the probability that that individualRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Urban Areas1557 Words   |  7 Pagesaimed to explain crime in urban communities using social disorganization theory. Elliot and Merrill (1934) define social disorganization as â€Å"a breakdown in the equilibrium of forces, a decay in the social structure, so that old habits and forms of social control no longer function effectively† (p.20). Using this definition and the ecological approach, Shaw and McKay argue that low economic status, ethnic h eterogeneity, and residential mobility led to the disruption of community social organization (ShawRead MorePersonal Criminological Theory890 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Criminological theory To prevent crime, it is imperative that the law enforcement agencies and scholars examine why people commit crime. A number of theories have emerged and many still continue to be explored in exclusion and in combination to seek the best solutions that can ultimately reduce the types and the levels of crime. One such theory that is still being explored is social disorganization theory. According to this theory peoples tendency to take part in criminal activitiesRead MoreThe Social Of Crime And Criminal Behavior882 Words   |  4 Pagesneighborhoods or environments have on crime has been observed and studied throughout the last two centuries. Many theories, such as the social disintegration theory, have been hypothesized to explain the effects of certain neighborhoods on crime. In addition, other theories have been presented, such as the collective efficacy theory, which serve to explain the reasons for reduced crime in other neighborhoods while presenting possible solutions to sol ve the problem of crime in society. This paper willRead MoreSimilarities and Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime890 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarities and Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime Walden University Similarities and Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime Sociological theories of crime contain a great deal of useful information in the understanding of criminal behavior. Sociological theories are very useful in the study of criminal behavior because unlike psychological and biological theories they are mostly macro level theories which attempt to explain rates of crime for a group or an area rather than explainingRead MoreTheories on Crime1253 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime: The field of criminology is basically described as the study of crime through which the causes, prevention, and correction of offenses are examined. While this process can be extremely difficult, especially for students, the analysis of the causes of crime is significant to sociology and criminology. The difficulties associated with the study of crime originate from the numerous challenges in developing theories that explain human behavior. In relation to crime, human behaviorRead MoreThe Theory of Social Disorganization701 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Disorganization Summary paper Social disorganization refers to the failure of group members to collaborate and accomplish objectives or tackle issues. Social disorganization normally alludes to a group or society described by the absence of social control. This brings about an absence of an effective functioning integration between personal maladjustment, conflicting social attitudes, and conflicting interests among group members (Goode, 2008). Criminologists and social researchers focus

The Crucible by Arthur Miller - 801 Words

The performance of Arthur Millers drama, The Crucible, put on by the WolfPack Players is one that has taken a fair bit of polishing to go from an average high school show, to a great show; the director, Patrica Scarborough, can certainly attest to such a bold claim. While we were held back by petty issues such as lines, we were, as a company, able to pull it together, just in time for opening. I can honestly say, in my heart, that this show could have gone better. In no way am I marking this a shameful show, nay, in my opinion, the show is quite good. I, for one, love the cast that had been assigned to perform this drama. But the basic act of line memorization had bogged us down, and I primarily attribute that to the language of Arthur Millers piece; The Crucible is indeed a heavy show, the Director had announced to us that many times before. Even for myself, The Crucible is a dense, heavy story. From my transition from the auditions to the performance, I can say that personal growth had happened, not continuously, but in small spurts. At the audition, I had felt like this wasnt really my show. That feeling I had made me nervous and uncomfortable about auditioning, but I had decided to keep at it; I put on a straight face and acted happy to be there, auditioning, even though I was unsure about the show. I had learned, later on, that even if insecurity strikes during an audition, that its always better to act like its not there at all. Keeping a straight face, as opposed toShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950â€⠄¢s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fea r that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

Technology Based Learning, Assessment, And Teaching

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Technology is at the core of virtually every aspect of our daily lives and work. While it provides engaging and powerful learning experiences, technology also provides access to content, resources and assessments that measure student achievement in a more complete and meaningful ways. Studies show that there is a direct correlation between the use of technology and improvements in student achievement. Research demonstrates extraordinary success with trying to reengage students who have been struggling with learning. It shows that 98% percent of the learners improve in their learning when exposed to technology-based content. Technology-based learning is pivotal in improving student learning and the collection of data†¦show more content†¦The power of technology provides different approaches to learning and enables lifelong learning in students. Many students have access to internet information and other resources on a daily basis. This enables them to share information and ideas with people from all over the world. It promotes collaboration and allows students to learn new things. The challenge is for our education system to leverage modern technology to create meaningful connections between students’ lives to real world problems. The world we live is highly technological that young American students will have more jobs and opportunities in their lifetime than their parents. â€Å"Learning can no longer be confined to the years we spend in school or the hours we spend in the classroom: It must be lifelong, life-wide, and available on demand† (Bransford et al. 2006). Technology must be incorporated into learning to prepare students to learn throughout their lives and in settings far beyond classrooms. The way students learn and how teachers teach must be changed to meet all students’ needs. According to Bransford, there must be 21st. Century technology integrated into learning in meaningful ways to keep students engaged, motivated and inspired to achieve their highest potential. Technology makes it possible for instructors to design effective lessons; therefore attracting students’

Case Study Body Vitals

Question: Write about theCase Studyfor Body Vitals. Answer: State when a temperature measurement is considered not within normal range, and what are the indicators from the case study that Tony may have a temperature above normal range? measure basic functions of the body . They are taken to assist in assessing a Persons physical health. The normal human body temperature (oral) should be 36.8 degrees Celsius, while internal body temperature should be about 37.0 degrees Celsius. Values of at least o.5 degrees above the normal temperatures might be considered fever while those temperatures of 1 to 2 degrees Celcius below normal are known as hypothermia. In our case 37.9 degrees Celsius is far above the normal body temperature and is considered as a fever. This can be further proofed by his skins warm effect upon touch. A slight temperature above the normal e.g. 38 degrees Celsius is considered low fever and it should not cause worry unless it continues to rise , however temperature s higher than that and approaching 40degrees Celsius are dangerous and should be brought to the doctors attention as they may cause convulsions and delusions (Briganti et al., 2003). Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement, and what are the indicators from the case study that Tony may have a blood pressure above normal range? Systolic pressure is defined as the pressure of blood in the arteries during contraction of the heart muscle. Its indicated as the top number and a normal systolic pressure should be below 120. Diastolic pressure is the pressure in the blood arteries when the heart rests between beats. A normal diastolic Bp should be 80 or less in number. Its indicated as the bottom number (Head et al., 2010). With Tony, a systolic reading of 145 is in the range of high blood pressure (hypertension) stage one. His diastolic reading of 78 is in the normal range. From the case study, the following indicators show possibility of Tony having a high blood pressure: his family has a strong history of hypertension; his eating habits, as he eats deep fried take away food that obviously contains high fat level, takes soft drinks instead of water; he is lethargic; he drinks eight cups of coffee which has high caffeine; he doesnt do regular exercises and instead he watches TV all day. Based on Tonys current lifestyle, what are the two modifiable risk factors? Using the resources provided on the vUWS site, discuss one intervention in the prevention of one of the modifiable risk factors? The above case study presents two modifiable risk factors i.e. hypertension (high blood pressure) and cardiovascular disease (Krum et al., 2009). Cardiovascular disease ranks as the leading killers in the modern world. However there are steps that can be taken to reduce a persons odds of having a stroke, heart attack, causing blockages in major arteries which supply the limps blood, kidneys and suffering from angina. While some risk factors are inborn and cannot be changed, the following can be influenced for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Smoking and other tobacco products; this exposes the heart, blood vessels and lungs to nicotine and carbon monoxide. They cause cholesterol levels and blood pressure to rise due to blood vessels constriction (Cooper et al., 2013). High cholesterol levels; high levels of cholesterol increases plaque buildup in the hearts arteries thus should be avoided. However, good cholesterol is advisable. High blood pressure; if Bp is high for long time periods, it may damage blood vessels, cause cholesterol plaques and artery walls to become stiffer. Therefore, Bp should be controlled at all times. Physical inactivity (often termed as lack of exercise): this weakens muscles making it harder to control other related risk factors. Exercises should be encouraged. Reduce stress. Avoid high levels of C - reactive protein. Avoid being overweight or obese. Manage diabetes and metabolic syndrome. References Briganti, E. M., Shaw, J. E., Chadban, S. J., Zimmet, P. Z., Welborn, T. A., McNeil, J. J., Atkins, R. C. (2003). Untreated hypertension among Australian adults: the 1999-2000 Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study (AusDiab). Medical Journal of Australia, 179(3), 135-139. Cooper, D. J., Myburgh, J., Heritier, S., Finfer, S., Bellomo, R., Billot, L., ... Vallance, the SAFE-TBI Investigators, and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group, S. (2013). Albumin resuscitation for traumatic brain injury: is intracranial hypertension the cause of increased mortality?. Journal of neurotrauma, 30(7), 512-518. Head, G. A., Mihailidou, A. S., Duggan, K. A., Beilin, L. J., Berry, N., Brown, M. A., ... Hodgson, J. (2010). Definition of ambulatory blood pressure targets for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in relation to clinic blood pressure: prospective cohort study. BMJ, 340, c1104. Krum, H., Schlaich, M., Whitbourn, R., Sobotka, P. A., Sadowski, J., Bartus, K., ... Abraham, W. T. (2009). Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study. The Lancet, 373(9671), 1275-1281.